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williaty
03-09-2009, 09:30 PM
Do I have to learn Morse Code?
No.


What does an Amateur Radio Service license do for you?
In an amazing bit of not selling out (for once), the US government allows US citizens to use certain ranges (bands) of radio frequencies for private, non commercial use. You can do a staggering amount of things with this privilege like talk to friends, keep a convoy together on the road, provide communications for public events like rallies, send amateur TV broadcasts, use wireless internet, talk to the International Space Station, and much more.


What kinds of Amateur Radio Service licenses are there?
At the current time (March of 2009), there are three classes of Amateur Radio Service licenses.

A Technician Class license gives you full privileges above 50MHz as well as Morse-Code-only privileges on certain frequencies below 50MHz. The Tech test can be passed by anyone willing to put a little time into it. It's 80% common sense (literally questions about hardhats and not touching metal in lightning storms) and 20% regulatory crap.

A General Class license gives you all the privileges of the Tech Class plus increased privileges for voice and data below 50MHz. The General test is barely harder than the Tech test. Pretty much anyone can pass it with some studying. Again, it's mostly common sense.

An Amateur Extra Class license is the highest license class a US citizen can hold in the Amateur Radio service, giving full privileges in the US and in many other countries around the world. The Extra test is in a whole different league. It will take quite a large amount of studying unless you work with electronics on a daily basis. Most people study daily for 6 months or so to learn the material.


Who controls Amateur Radio Service licenses?
The FCC is the ultimate authority for radio in the US. However, you'll almost never have to deal directly with the FCC unless they're knocking on your door with handcuffs. Most of the time, you'll be dealing with a Volunteer Examiner Coordinator (VEC). VECs are organizations sanctioned by the FCC to give licensing exams to the public. You will almost certainly deal with the ARRL VEC or the W5YI VEC.


What's the testing process like?
In general, you will look on a website to find an exam session near you. On the day of the exam you will show up, making sure you have the required IDs (the requirements change, so I'm not going to list them). You hand (as of 02/2009) $14 to the VEC team to be allowed to take your test. You sit down and are given an answer sheet and a test booklet. For the Tech and General exams, you have 35 multiple choice questions to answer. For the Extra exam, you have 50 multiple choice questions. The exam will then be graded right in front of you by a panel of three Volunteer Examiners (VEs). If you get 74% or more of the questions right, you pass.


What happens when you pass?
When you pass, you have the option of immediately taking the next-level test for free. In other words, if you go to your exam session, pass the Tech test, they will offer you the opportunity to take the General test for free. Pass the General and they will then offer you the opportunity to immediately take the Extra for free. It's always a good idea to take the next level exam even if you feel you're not ready for it because you might get lucky. Once you have finished testing, the VEs and the VEC will fill out some paperwork for you. They will hand you a document confirming that you have passed whatever exams you passed that day. You need to hold onto that piece of paper. While the VEC will submit all the paperwork to the FCC, sometimes someone screws up and you need the proof that you passed the test(s).

What happens if you fail?
If you fail a test, you have two choices. First, you can simply go home for the day. Second, you can pay the testing fee a second time and re-try the test.

Once you pass, when can you get on the air?
The written proof of passing the exam does not legally let you get on the air. After passing the test, wait 3-4 days and then go to the FCC Universal Licensing System Search Page (http://wireless2.fcc.gov/UlsApp/UlsSearch/searchLicense.jsp), switch the search type to "Name" and search for your name. You will be presented with a list of names. If you have a common name, there may be a long list. To find out which one is you, click the call signs in the "Call Sign/Lease ID" column at the left. The one that has the correct address for you is, obviously, you. If you don't find yourself in the search results, it just means that your paperwork hasn't cleared yet. As soon as your call sign appears in the ULS database, you are legally allowed to start transmitting. You do not have to wait for the paper copy of the license to arrive.

How long do licenses last?
If you don't do anything to screw it up, a license is good for 10 years from the date it was issued. At 10 years, you will have to renew your license which is, currently (03/2009), free.

What am I required to do to maintain my license?
Honestly, not much. You must keep your mailing address in the ULS current. If the FCC mails you something and you don't respond, they'll cancel your license. Beyond that, just don't do anything illegal.

williaty
03-09-2009, 09:31 PM
How can I learn the things required to pass the test?
There are a bunch of ways. The best way is to search for a radio club in your area and find out from them when and where licensing classes are being offered. Go take the class and take the exam that follows (most classes end in exams). You can also try the ARRL Ham Class Finder (http://www.arrl.org/FandES/courses/). If you don't want to interact with people or there aren't any classes in your area, there are numerous self-study options.

The cheapest option is to download Dan Romanchick's (KB6NU) No-Nonsense Technician Class Study Guide (http://kb6nu.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/07/2006techstudyguide.pdf) or his No Nonsense General Class Study Guide (http://kb6nu.com/2007GeneralStudyGuide.pdf). If you want to learn the material for the Extra exam, I have yet to find a good, free study guide. These study guides are how I passed my Tech and General exams. I highly recommend them.

If you're a fan of reading books, there are a staggering number of books intended to help you pass your exams. My personal favorite are the series of books by Gordon West (WB6NOA). They have a format I like. They list each and every question from the licensing exam, show you the right answer, and then explain why it's the right answer. Additionally, he groups the questions by subject matter, rather than the crazy way they appear in the question lists available for download. I used the Gordon West Amateur Extra book to pass my final exam.

If you're an auditory learner, there's also a multitude of audiobooks available for licensing study. I have no experience with any of them, but I do know that Gordon West makes a series of audiobooks to go along with the books I just mentioned.


What do I do once I've learned the material?
Start taking the practice test. A LOT. Seriously, you need to be passing 6 out of 7 attempts at the practice test before you go to your exam session. Practice exams are available all over the net, but my favorite are the Practice Exams provided by eHam.net (http://www.eham.net/exams/).

What do I do once I'm passing the practice exams?
Actually, you probably should have done this before now just to have a goal to work towards, but you should find an exam session. The easiest way I know of to find an exam is to go to the ARRL Exam Session Search (http://www.arrl.org/arrlvec/examsearch.phtml) and put in your ZIP code. It will give you a list of exam sessions in your area.

Do I need to register to take the exam?
Maybe. Some exams are open admission, some want a pre-reg. Contact the exam administrator to find out.

What should I bring the day of the exam?
Whatever ID will be required. Again, this changes over time, so ask the exam administrator what you need to bring. A couple of pencils. A calculator that cannot run programs. That's it, it's that simple.

williaty
03-09-2009, 09:31 PM
Also reserved.

williaty
03-09-2009, 09:32 PM
As reserved as a British university don.

williaty
03-17-2009, 01:30 PM
Updated.

UP2MTNS
03-17-2009, 02:21 PM
you need to do a 'So I just passed the test, got my call sign, and bought a 2M radio...what now?' thread :D

williaty
03-17-2009, 02:22 PM
Yup, part of the master plan. God only knows when I'll get to it though.

409industries
03-17-2009, 02:24 PM
I hope you do though. This is something i'd like to learn more about. Thanks for all your input Ty!

M_anstrom
03-17-2009, 04:34 PM
Yup, part of the master plan. God only knows when I'll get to it though.
Nice, If I had the time to I'd throw an article or two on here... perhaps if we get lucky in our training week!

nawoj
04-03-2009, 06:14 PM
i just took the tech practice exam and got a 62.9%....

my dad has his licence and wanted me to get mine, but didnt see any use for it at the time. i also took electronics in HS, and my teacher was a ham nut.

GodSquadMandrake
04-04-2009, 05:53 AM
I've always wondered what was required to do this. The guys I see with HAM setups in their rally cars and support trucks seem so professional I didn't think it was for the average joe. This seems like it might be possible! Your guide is so good you should do another part on like how to use your HAM license for rally. Like putting one in your rally car.

Do they offer any testing over the Internet? Probably a stupid question but just thought I'd ask since I am in Iraq right now.

geekguy
04-04-2009, 06:12 AM
No testing online, but all of the questions and material is online for your study to be ready when you get back stateside.

anaonbd
04-04-2009, 07:14 AM
License classes: Tech, General, and Amateur Extra

You don't need any code until the General exam, and it's 5wpm.

As a Tech you can talk on 2m and 440cm with like 5 or 10w max.

The study guide that the ARRL puts out in those really thick books has every possible question and answer. A good way to pass it is if you are good at memorising and just puke it back on the exam. After you do this, wait a week or so for either something in the mail with your call sign or check on either the FCC's website or ARRL's.

Then simply go out and buy a radio, install it, and start talking. Amateur radios used to be really big but then the (as an old and now dead Extra told me) CB came out that didn't require a license and people got on that, now mobile phones (that cost way more than they should) are out leaving amateur radios somewhere in the past. However, Amateur radios can still do quite a few things that mobile phones can't. Like talk to people in Ozzie and Europe for no extra cost, if you have equipment to get you there (usually requires more power).

A handheld radio will cost about $150 average, then a mobile one (kind of like a car stereo) will be like $300, and the base station, which looks like a VCR/DVD player will umm start at around $400 and can go up to $16,000

williaty
04-04-2009, 09:05 AM
Anaonbd, please don't ever post in a amateur radio-related thread again until you actually learn something.

You don't need any code until the General exam, and it's 5wpm.
WRONG.
You no longer need any Morse Code proficiency for any level of Amateur Radio Service license.

As a Tech you can talk on 2m and 440cm with like 5 or 10w max.
WRONG.
As a Technician class license holder, you have full priviledges above 50MHz, including the VHF, UHF, and SHF bands (2m, 400MHz [not cm as you said], and GHz+) at up to 1500W.

A good way to pass it is if you are good at memorising and just puke it back on the exam.
WRONG.
If you do this, you'll likely have absolutely no idea what you're doing once you actually start trying to use the radio. Sure, there's some bull**** on the exam you just need to memorize and never use again, but there's also a decent amount of useful stuff in there.

Amateur radios used to be really big but then the (as an old and now dead Extra told me) CB came out that didn't require a license and people got on that, now mobile phones (that cost way more than they should) are out leaving amateur radios somewhere in the past.
WRONG.
Amateur Radio predates CB, that much is correct. However, when Citizens Band was first turned over to the public, it required a licensing exam and call sign just like Amateur Radio. Eventually, the licensing requirement was dropped, but the CB service was still very, very limited (range was really short, only a few channels, etc) compared to Amateur Radio.

What really hurt Amateur Radio? The internet. It gave us something to do with our free time (same reason it's killing TV) and it gives us a free, reliable, cheap, and easy way to talk with people around the world.

Like talk to people in Ozzie and Europe for no extra cost, if you have equipment to get you there (usually requires more power).
WRONG.
People consistently talk all over the world from the US with less than 5W. A lot of them even do it with less than 1W or less than 500mW. All it requires is good equipment, good propagation, and, most importantly, excellent technique.

A handheld radio will cost about $150 average, then a mobile one (kind of like a car stereo) will be like $300, and the base station, which looks like a VCR/DVD player will umm start at around $400 and can go up to $16,000
WRONG.
Or at least so far away from telling the whole story that it's worthless.

HTs (Handy-Talkies) start, new, just over $100. They top out at about $500 for one with all the bells and whistles. For a simple, basic, dual-bander, expect to pay somewhere in the region of $175-$200 plus a little extra for things like a second battery, etc. For one that's future-proof (aka, Digital-ready), expect to start at $400. For a dual-bander with most of the features people actually use but nothing crazy, you're looking at $350-ish.

Mobiles (in car) start, new, just over $100. They top out at about $2,000 for a top of the line one. For a good, basic single-band mobile (such as would be suitable for working a rally), they go on sale for as little as $115. For a good, basic dual-band mobile (entry level for someone interested in radio), expect to pay $250-$300. Add another $75-$100 for an antenna and extras to make it a safe, functional install. So, all told, a really bargain-basement setup might cost $150 installed and a basic but good-quality dual band setup might cost $325-$400 installed.

Base stations (in home) start, new, just over $600, plus $50-$150 for a power supply, plus $5-$1000 for an antenna system. They top out at about $20,000 for the radio alone, plus another $10,000-$50,000 for the things required to make it work, plus another $5,000 to $100,000 for the antnena system. Yes, really.

For every guy like me with less than $1,000 in his total radio system, there's another guy with a quarter million in his system. Literally. Point being that very few people spend as little as I have and very few people spend as much as the top contesters.

My HF radio system cost me $125 for the radio, $80 for the antenna matcher, and about $3 for the antenna. It was old, noisy, hard to use, and made a mess of the house. On the other hand, I was talking into Europe with my antenna only 7' off the ground (height is everything and higher is better).

M_anstrom
04-04-2009, 11:00 AM
WRONG.
People consistently talk all over the world from the US with less than 5W. A lot of them even do it with less than 1W or less than 500mW. All it requires is good equipment, good propagation, and, most importantly, excellent technique.
here at my dorm in tech school I worked austria on 5w with a stealth antenna made of magnet wire. Band conditions make all the difference in the world.

anaonbd
04-04-2009, 11:44 AM
Williaty...

I have a license and know quite a few people into the radios. I also know that there used to be an advanced class, and that for an Extra class you had to actually be able to draw a schematic on a blank page. The code requirement was much higher than it is now, and the reason for that is the FCC wanted to encourage people to get into the radio so they dropped many of the requirements or made it much easier on new "hams".

the FCC may have dropped the code req. for general class, but last I heard it was 5wpm and optional for the tech class so if you wanted to get a general class you didn't have to take the code if you had it for tech.

The prices were just an average of what I saw last year. Don't get so bent over it if my numbers and things aren't exact

williaty
04-06-2009, 02:16 PM
the FCC may have dropped the code req. for general class, but last I heard it was 5wpm and optional for the tech class so if you wanted to get a general class you didn't have to take the code if you had it for tech.
You're way out of date. No class has had code as part of the exam for a while now.

The prices were just an average of what I saw last year. Don't get so bent over it if my numbers and things aren't exact
This is a FAQ. The sole point of a FAQ is to give people specific, correct information.

WAM
04-06-2009, 02:35 PM
you need to do a 'So I just passed the test, got my call sign, and bought a 2M radio...what now?' thread :D

Yup, that would be me. Passed the test with 100%, bought the handheld and put it in the console. There it sits. Never intended to become an active ham. More like emergency in the boondocks sort of thing. But as long as it would take me to figure out how to get help, I might as well walk out.

UP2MTNS
04-06-2009, 03:36 PM
Yup, that would be me. Passed the test with 100%, bought the handheld and put it in the console. There it sits. Never intended to become an active ham. More like emergency in the boondocks sort of thing. But as long as it would take me to figure out how to get help, I might as well walk out.

ah, you should have told me, we could have chatted it up together in our cars at Vallejo.

Or you could have just left it one while racing and I could have shouted motivating 'gym' slogans at you:

'Go FASTAH!' <over>

'No payne, no gayne! Heet dat cornhah hardah, fastah!' <over>

'Pute da pedahl to da medahl!' <over>

<KI6SLW over and out>


'Get to the choppah!....noooo, don't touch eet...he didn't keel you because you weren't ahmed...no spohrt in it.'


ahh, i love arnold.

GreenMtnMan
09-22-2010, 01:44 PM
You want to learn how to be a HAM, go here http://www.arrl.org/ and join a local club. Talk to the old timers, they are a wealth of info.

APRS would be excellent for rallying by the way.

http://www.universal-radio.com/ sells about all you could need or want. Prices are good too.

I have a YAESU HT VX-7R with a remote mic and Diamond RH789 and SRH320A antennas. For the Subi a YAESU FT8900R with the Diamond CR8900 antenna. They work great. Plus a spare JetStream 2M/440 mag mount.

williaty
09-22-2010, 02:08 PM
APRS would be excellent for rallying by the way.
Actually, it probably wouldn't. Most of the events are not covered well and the event repeater is usually not linked to anything else.

GreenMtnMan
09-23-2010, 11:56 AM
That would depend on where the event is held, and coverage for that particular area.

williaty
09-23-2010, 12:30 PM
That would depend on where the event is held, and coverage for that particular area.

Yup, but the answer tends to be "back in the hills where not many people live so no one bothered to put up a repeater tall enough to reach into every valley nor to link it to anything else."